MATERIALS
Dictionary of Torriden
Normal Cell
Cell under Oxidative Stress
Stressed Cell
*For ingredient characteristics only.
Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps defend the skin against oxidative stress caused by environmental factors, supporting a healthier and more resilient look.
*This description is provided to help understanding of the general properties of the ingredient.References: Stocker & Frei, 1991; Getoff, 2007; Moritz et al., 2020
Surface Spots,Blemishes
Underlying Melanin
*For ingredient characteristics only.
Vitamin C helps minimize the look of dark spots by reducing excess melanin activity, while also supporting the skin’s defense against UV-related oxidative stress.
*This description is provided to help understanding of the general properties of the ingredient.Reference: Correia & Magina, 2023
Melanin is produced in melanocytes and moves to the skin surface
*For ingredient characteristics only.
Vitamin C helps support the skin’s natural barrier and collagen, which are important for a smoother and firmer appearance.Studies also show that vitamin C levels tend to be lower in skin affected by aging or sun damage.
*This description is provided to help understanding of the general properties of the ingredient.References: Ponec et al., 1997; Rhie et al., 2001; Shindo et al., 1994; McArdle et al., 2002
✨Healthy, Firm Skin✨
Aged Skin with Reduced Firmness
*For ingredient characteristics only.
Vitamin C helps support the skin’s natural barrier and collagen, which are important for a smoother and firmer appearance.Studies also show that vitamin C levels tend to be lower in skin affected by aging or sun damage.
*This description is provided to help understanding of the general properties of the ingredient.
References: Stocker & Frei, 1991; Getoff, 2007; Moritz et al., 2020
FAQ
Pure vitamin C (L-ASCORBIC ACID) is water-soluble and unstable, which makes it harder to penetrate the skin’s outer layer. Research suggests that lowering the pH below 3.5 can help improve stability and absorption.
However, since skin sensitivity and tolerance vary from person to person, the ideal pH is not an absolute rule and can depend on individual skin needs.
(Reference: Stãnescu et al., 2019)
The optimal concentration of vitamin C can depend on the formulation.
Studies have shown that levels above 8% are generally needed to be biologically meaningful, while concentrations above 20% may not provide extra benefits and could increase the risk of irritation.
(Reference: Stãnescu et al., 2019)
